Guns in School Article Essay Example

Weapons in School Article Essay Example Weapons in School Article Essay Weapons in School Article Essay l A bill as of now in the Florida Congress would, whenever passed, enable areas to assign school representatives to convey a gun. In an undeniable reaction to the Sandy Hook shooting, lawmakers are utilizing this bill to attempt to expand security in schools, and forestall more acts of mass violence. National Rifle Associate representative Wayne Lapierre claims that â€Å"the just thing that stops a miscreant with a firearm, is a hero with a gun,† yet who gets the opportunity to conclude who is acceptable and who is terrible? Only having an instructing permit in the province of Florida doesn't really make somebody a â€Å"good guy†.The 40 hours of preparing that will be required for any arm-bearing educators, isn't almost enough to guarantee great weapon direct. Lamentably, government funded schools are not actually known for removing the leftovers of society while recruiting workers. The whole way across the country instructors are captured each day for different viola tions, in many cases lawful offenses, including medications and sex wrongdoings. Simply this year Polo Park Principle Scott Blake was captured for requesting sex from a multi year-old kid. It is troublesome enough for anybody to anticipate that a multi year old should safeguard himself against a multi year old educator, in any event, when the instructor is unarmed.Now giving educators weapons, and further engaging them over their vulnerable understudies, could expand the recurrence and size of these wiped out and upset acts. Indeed, even educators that ordinarily would not misuse understudies can some of the time lose their cool. Frequently understudies and educators can get into physical battles. These contentions could heighten rapidly if weapons are added to the blend. Not exclusively could a terrified educator draw and shoot on a forceful understudy when deadly power isn't fundamental, understudies might overwhelm instructors to hold onto their weapons.Furthermore, a government funded teacher is a low-pay, high-stress work, and certain instructors might be helpless against a breakdown. A portion of these situations may appear to be uncommon, or even unrealistic, however they are truly conceivable in the large number of schools the country over. While this bill may restrain the harm of mass acts of mass violence by understudies or outcasts, is it worth the capability of teacher’s hurting their understudies? All things considered, schools do should be made more secure. Understudies should have a sense of safety when they go to class n request to succeed, yet furnished educators don't really expand that security. Maybe rather the administration could reallocate a portion of the cash spend on senator’s annuity intends to paying for school security monitors. These out-of-study hall watchmen would give the protection from outcasts while as yet guarding understudies from any conceivably shaky instructors. Likewise, having different security gatekeep ers would ensure against any potential breakdowns by any one watchman, rather than having one educator, one firearm, and thirty youngsters in a similar room.

What Is the Fate of the South Korean Great Southern Gate Coursework

What Is the Fate of the South Korean Great Southern Gate - Coursework Example On December 20, 1962, the South Korean government magnified the Great Southern Gate to the situation of the country’s national fortune number one. The entryway is a splendid case of the antiquated engineering of the Yi Dynasty Empire. After its development, Namdaemun was the tallest structure of all, transcending grandly over the littler structures and royal residences in the city of Seoul. At present, it battles for unmistakable quality overshadowed by the monster high rises in the quick paced city. Regardless of the way that there are four huge doors and five minor entryways in Seoul, just Namdaemun has been chosen as a National Treasure. It was picked as South Korea's National Treasure number one on the grounds that, in 1962, when the South Korean government propelled the foundation of National Treasures, Namdaemun remained as an authentic paragon of old Confucian engineering. Newworldencyclopedia.org further notes that the Great South Gate, radiant and striking when King Sejong reproduced it during the 1470s, introduced all Chinese and Japanese dignitaries on their approach to visit the King. That is the main entryway through which they could enter. Confucianism had mixed into the way of life of the Korean culture a long time before the Yi Dynasty yet later on, it developed in noticeable quality. Namdaemun therefore embodies both the incomparable intensity of the Korean Empire and the overseeing spot of Confucianism in Korean governmental issues as well as in their religion and culture.â â Seoul, the capital of Korea since the naissance of the Joseon Dynasty around 1392 C.E. as of recently, had been an invigorated city having nine doors that permitted section all through the city. The originators of the city fabricated four principle doors and five minor ones. The four principle doors were situated toward the four cardinal focuses: North, south, east and west. The south, east and west doors would open at sunrise and shut toward the day's end at the ringing of the city chime. The northern door stayed blocked and was put aside absolutely to encourage the lord's trip to Pukhan Sansong or progressively remote braces during times of threat. Namdaemun was the southern entryway. Yi T'aejo fabricated all the nine city doors along with the Namdaemun door during the fourteenth century C.E. The Joseon Dynasty otherwise called Choson or Chosun was the last decision administration in Korea, ruling from 1392 to 1910 toward the beginning of the Japanese extension.

Strategies for Living Well With ADHD

Strategies for Living Well With ADHD ADHD Print Strategies for Living Well With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 16, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by difficulty concentrating, hyperactivity/impulsiveness, disorganization, low frustration tolerance, and other symptoms that impair normal functioning. Treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms so you can live well with ADHD. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin How People With ADHD May Be Perceived People with ADHD often lack focus, wander off task, talk excessively, fidget, and act impulsively. Children often present with hyperactivity most often, and as they age, they may struggle more with attention, leading to academic difficulties. The disorder is often misunderstood by others. People who dont understand the symptoms may label children with ADHD as unmotivated, lazy, or problem children.?? Adults with ADHD may be seen as irresponsible or flighty because they struggle to remember important details or obligations and they have a hard time staying on task. Why ADHD is More Than Poor Self Control How It Feels to Be Newly Diagnosed Many people are surprised by the strong emotions they feel when they are diagnosed with ADHD.   Common emotions include: Relief: When you first get an  ADHD diagnosis, you may feel happy to have a name that describes what youre experiencing. It may feel validating to know that your symptoms stem from a diagnosed condition.  Anger:  After the relief  has faded, you may feel  angry. Perhaps you dont want ADHD or maybe youre feeling frustration toward parents or teachers who blamed you for your symptoms.Sadness:  You may feel sad that you didnt get diagnosed earlier or you may grieve for what your life might have been like if you didnt have ADHD. You may also feel sad for your younger self who struggled with school and life with undiagnosed ADHD. What You Can Do   Reassure yourself that all these emotions are normal, even if they are painful at the time.Talk to other people about how youre feeling and be willing to ask for help.Find an ADHD support group in your area. Meeting other people who have been through a similar experience is very helpful.Consider working with a therapist who is knowledgeable about ADHD?? The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Deciding Who to Tell You dont need to tell everyone in your life that youve been diagnosed with ADHD, but sharing your diagnosis with some people could be helpful in moving forward. Its not always easy to explain ADHD to friends and family members. In fact, those who dont understand the condition may think youre using as an excuse to get out of your day-to-day responsibilities. People who dont understand may offer unsolicited advice like, Stop watching so much TV, and youll feel better. Those things can be tough to hear. When people in your life want to support you and develop a better understanding of ADHD, provide them with information about the condition and let them know how they can best support you. You may also want to consider telling your employer or professor. If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, youll want to share that information with the school. Employers and school administration can assist with special accommodations. Placing your desk away from distractions or allowing you to wear noise-canceling headphones, for example, may greatly increase your productivity. Its important to tell all of your medical providers about your diagnosis. Dont depend on your medical records to speak for themselves. What to Do if Teachers Blame Your Child for ADHD Symptoms Managing Your Symptoms Work closely with medical professionals to find the best treatment options for you. Dont hesitate to speak up when something isnt working and be willing to ask questions about what you can expect to experience with treatment. Its important to continue managing and monitoring your symptoms even when you feel as though treatment?? is working well. Your symptoms may shift with changes in your environment or your ADHD may change as you grow older. Continue to communicate with your treatment providers about any changes you experience or any difficulties you notice. Choosing ADHD Medication for Your Child If youre taking medication, there may be times when you need to change your dose or change medications altogether. Or, you may find its helpful to start therapy when you undergo a change in employment. You may also experiment with a variety of lifestyle changes. For example, close monitoring of your symptoms might help you recognize that you need more structure in your life so you can spend less time searching for misplaced items. Adding more structure and getting organized, might be key to helping you manage your symptoms best. A Word From Verywell Living well with ADHD is about monitoring your symptoms and actively working toward finding what works best for you. With the right support and treatment, you can create a life that allows you to reach your greatest potential. How Parents Can Help Their Children With ADHD

gun control research essay - 1222 Words

ProCon.org recently featured an article that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds.† The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t aware of this being an issue all over the United States. I decided to do some research to find out whether I am in favor of Gun control laws or not. After reviewing many articles for and against gun control, I found out that I do in fact agree with†¦show more content†¦1). The researchers then ranked all 50 states from 0 to 28 based on their score (ProCon para. 2). â€Å"The higher the score, the more restrictive the gun laws in that state,† stated the researchers (ProCon para. 2). â€Å"This study is a very important addition to our understanding of the connection between gun control and gun violence,† said John Roman, a PhD, senior fellow. â€Å"In addition to the general relationship between gun safety laws firearm deaths, also suggests that increasing the number of gun safety laws increases the reductions in firearm related deaths. So the benefits just get bigger with more laws† (ProCon para. 3). After reading the ProCon article, I found myself agreeing with the researchers. I can see different levels of gun related crimes all over the United States. Just by living in Fort Wayne, IN where there has been a peak in gun related crimes and deaths gives me proof that their study was indeed accurate. If more states had stricter gun control laws they would start to have lower rates of gun related homicides and suicides. Next, I went to an article by Chuck Baldwin, an American Politician, who disagreed with gun control laws:  "Here we go again. We have another mass shooting at yet another â€Å"gun free† zone. Not only was the location a â€Å"gun free zone, it was located inside the nation’s capital, which has some of the strictest gun-control laws in the entire country,† Stated Chuck Baldwin, (Baldwin para. 1).Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gun Control1573 Words   |  7 Pagesissue being gun control and how guns affect and/or end lives, the even bigger issue though is the issue of how people can or can not write about gun control to educate the public. Gun Control is an issue that needs to be avoided when trying to persuade readers of an opinion for two reasons, the issue of gun control is a terrible essay topic because there are too many emotions involved in gun control debates and because in general there is no good research on gun control. The only essays and articlesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1374 Words   |  6 PagesAfter recent mass shootings, the gun control d ebate has reached the boiling point. We need gun control laws? Gun control, ownership, and laws should be changed immediately.†Did you know that 33 people are killed with guns every day in America? Something needs to be done about gun control because the death rate is steadily rising and guns are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. â€Å"One reason gun control laws should be changed, Gun control statistics reveal that although TheRead MoreShould Gun Control Laws be Stricter?1336 Words   |  6 PagesShould gun control laws be stricter? Every day some news related to gun violence are being heard all over the world. Shooting in driveway, public places, schools, homicide and suicide are some of different types of gun violence. Shooting on people and killing them is a big issue in the world and different comments are provided about that. One of the most important of them is about gun control laws. Stingl (2013) says â€Å"The term gun control as it is used in the United States refers to any action takenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1714 Words   |  7 PagesInterestingly pro-gun groups identify the reason for increased gun crimes as tightening laws and putting more restrictions on guns. According to Wooster College and a research that they conducted, many individuals who are pro guns believe â€Å"Gun control doesn’t protect people from violent crime, it increases it. Every region where gun control is high, there is a higher instance of gun violence and crime in general. In regions where there are less res trictive gun laws, you’ll see lower instances ofRead MoreSpeech : Running For Rep925 Words   |  4 PagesMazhar GOVT-2306-71001 Professor Sharifian 29 October 2017 Running for Rep In my previous essay I discussed that I would be running for district 115 (R-Irving), for a seat in the Texas House of Representatives during the 2019 election. I talked about the what, the why, and the when about my running. (The what being what my platform is, why being why I am running, and when being when I plan on running.) In this essay I will address the how, I will explain my plans and the process I will take to get electedRead MoreGun Control1724 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1302 5th march 2013 Sides of Crime Control Gun control laws have been surrounded by controversy since The Bill of Rights, including the Second amendment was passed in the congress. A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed, the founders wrote. Until recently there was considerable argument over just what the founders intended by their words. Did they mean to provide only for armedRead MoreGuns Are A Common Weapon842 Words   |  4 Pages Research Essay With just a pull of a trigger, your life could be over. That kind of power shouldn’t be given to just anyone. Guns are a common weapon that just about everyone owns. Guns are being used not only to assure safety to Americans, but also in way that make people afraid to leave their homes. People in today’s society use guns to end the lives of others as well as themselves. Nowadays, gun related violence is always appearing in the news and because of this, I think there should be a higherRead MoreJust Take Away Their Guns819 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Guns,† Wilson sufficiently reasons how the elimination of illegal guns on the streets should be the central focus in determining the limits regarding American gun control regulations which are frequently debated in our modern world. While Wilson makes an effective argument, at times, he racially profiles which is a definite form of deceptive reasoning; in addition, many of Wilson’s arguments lack the elaboration he needs to avoid making hasty assertions. Wilson argues in his essay that notRead MoreGun Control Research Paper 1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Modern issues essay Gun control is a controversial issue for a long time around the world, particularly in U.S. because of a lots of mass shooting in school and public places. The second Amendment of the U.S. constitution is one of the shortest in all of the bill of right, it was written by the time period of American’s birth and it is the spirit of self-defense that help the new citizens of U.S. win their own freedom from the British. But now as the gun shooting problem happening every day inRead MoreGun Control795 Words   |  4 PagesDan Nenninger: Essay # 1 Gun Control According to the Coalition for Gun Control, last year a total of 291 people were killed by handguns in Australia, Sweden, Great Britain, Japan, and Switzerland. In the United States more than 24,000 people will be killed by the end of this year. So what is the big difference between the U.S. and these other countries? In these other countries it nearly impossible to buy any kind of gun. In these countries there are no gun shows. In these countries you

What is Cool Essay - 1358 Words

What is Cool? What is â€Å"cool?† Does it have to do with temperature or someone’s personality? Is it a slang word or a proper English word? And most importantly, how is it decided that something or someone is cool? Cool is a word that can have many different meanings, can be used as slang or proper English, and can be subjective when it comes to using it. I use the word in a couple of ways, but not all are in the Oxford English Dictionary, likewise, the Dictionary recognizes meanings of cool that I did not even know. When I think of the word cool, I immediately think of it much the same as my peers would: a desirable image that excites the mind. Something cool can be a person, place, or thing. Cool is desirable because it is†¦show more content†¦Just as warm is to hot, cool is to cold. I might say that it is cool outside if it is not freezing yet, but I can barely see my breath. I can also say that an object is cool, like an apple just taken from the refrigerator. Anything that is not quite cold can be considered of cool temperature. Cool temperatures fall into the region between cold and average. These temperature regions are defined by the person describing the temperature. Cold feels cold; average feels average, and cool falls between the two. This feeling that defines cool makes standards of cool hard to specify. Each person has a good idea what she or he thinks a cool temperature is. Someone from Phoenix, Arizona might think a cool temperature is between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit, while someone from Alaska might think cool is anything between 40 and 50 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also depend on how a body is feeling at the time. If a person is sick and has the chills, temperatures normally considered warm would now be considered cool. Just like my first definition, cool is different for everyone. With my definitions, I can use cool as an adjective or a verb. My first definition – cool is a desirable image that excites the mind – can only be used as an adjective. I can use this cool to describe anything I am interested in, anything that excites me. It makes sense to say: â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes School Cool?879 Words   |  4 Pages Connections MathEx4 School Premises Walner A. Saturno What makes school cool? School is cool because it makes us enjoy life. In school, we do not only learn reading, writing, and arithmetic but also develop skills and values. In fact, there are many real-life lessons which we can learn in school. The school opens us to the realities of the world and teaches us to become responsible individuals. In order for a school to aid in our individual growth, it should provide an atmosphere that promotesRead MoreWhat Is Cool? Interpreting the Idea in The Cool Kids by Katy Waldman855 Words   |  3 PagesWhen defining the term â€Å"cool,† what factors do you take into consideration in order to describe what â€Å"cool† is? Do you think of â€Å"cool† regarding popular culture or the type of â€Å"cool† that someone has as a type of characteristic. In her article The Cool Kids, Katy Waldman, assistant editor of Slate.com, addresses the variations of cool and how it is something that differs between people. In this essay, I will be discussing how Waldman addresses her audience with relatable examples in order to showRead MoreIdentity Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity Most people, unless they choose to be an outsider, want to be considered â€Å"cool.† Whether it’s to fit in with a peer group, or clique, or to impress someone in particular, like a member of the opposite sex, or a potential mate. Or possibly to gain something from an individual for financial or social gain (see â€Å"Scamming†). What are the limits of how far you would go to be considered â€Å"cool?† For example, do your beliefs or your religion hold you back or have an effect on the level of â€Å"coolness†Read MoreThe Incorporation of the Word Cool in the English Language664 Words   |  3 PagesCool The word cool is very relaxed, never goes out of style, and people will never laugh at someone for using it. Getting at the nature of cool is further complicated by the fact that it has become fashionable in recent years to boast about not being cool. Perhaps the word is being pushed into its next stage of evolution by the freaks and the nerds whose childhood unpopularity is a badge of honor and whose brave new world of geekery is vindication. Coolness is an admired aesthetic of attitude, behaviorRead MoreThe Merchants Of Cool : Film Review1417 Words   |  6 PagesMerchants of Cool The Merchants of Cool is a documentary film that investigates the purchasing and offering of cool as a kind of goods. The shoppers of cool are young people in America. They represent the huge sector in modern marketing; they actually create the marketing dynamics, being a profitable consumers. There are many patterns that switch on the request to purchase particular items made by particular brands. So what is it that makes some companies’ being successful over the other? What are theRead MoreWe Real Cool By Gwendolyn Brooks1151 Words   |  5 PagesTo understand and describe Gwendolyn Brooks poem â€Å"We Real Cool† the reader must know what the Pronoun we represent. The reader must also free his or her mind from any type of stereotypical thinking; in fact, if the reader finds it tough to let go of the stereotype thinking, he or she will have the wrong understanding of what this poem is about, and miss a great educational prospect of how different social classes think. If the poem is read once and the words are taken at face value, the reader willRead MoreThe Cool Girl Hypothesis : Love, Roses, Chocolates, And Big Red Hearts Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cool Girl Hypothesis Love: roses, chocolates, and big red hearts. Love: kisses, hugs and skipping beats. Love: agape, phila, eros. Love, but what is love? Love is an idea that is ingrained in the minds of little girls from an early age. Meet the man of your dreams, experience the phenomenon of unexplainable feelings that strike your heart, mind, and soul, and then get married and live in jubilant bliss until death do us part; but is that truly love? What about the other side? The other sideRead MoreA Social Class System1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe top of the social ladder, often considered to be people who are cool, are stereotyped to be beautiful and happy. Although in some cases this may be true, it is not always that way. Misconceptions about popularity lead to a greater divide amongst the social classes, and cause those in the lower social levels to be considered as or to feel as if they are inferior. Articles like one written by Christian McBride, entitled Be Cool, published in This I Believe II, continue to develop the false ideologyRead MoreThe Merchants Of Cool By Goodman1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe Merchants of Cool The Merchants of Cool (Goodman) is a documentary film that investigates the purchasing and offering of cool as a kind of goods. The shoppers of cool are young people in America. They represent the huge sector in modern marketing; they actually create the marketing dynamics, being profitable consumers. So what is it that makes some companies’ being successful over the other? What are the patterns that find a response among the modern teems? Through this documentary, the hiddenRead MoreSelling For Children : The Marketing Of Cool1047 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Selling to Children: The Marketing of Cool† Article Summary Every kid wants to be cool, and advertisers know that. This is the main idea explored by Juliet Schor in her article â€Å"Selling to Children: The Marketing of Cool†. This article originally appeared in Schor’s 2004 book Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer. The author is an expert on the topic of behavior in humans and the economy, as she has taught sociology and economics at multiple universities. In her article, Schor

The Effects of High Glucose Intake Free Essays

Glucose is a sugar that comes from the breakdown of all carbohydrates in the diet, and is very soluble in water. The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. Glucose is a vital part of brain function as it is the only fuel that your brain can use. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of High Glucose Intake or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you are consuming a low-carbohydrate diet, you may not be getting enough glucose for your brain to function properly. Because your brain ultimately controls all other functions within your body, giving your brain too little glucose can be dangerous to your overall health. Also, overconsumption of sugar in the body can lead to unpleasant phenomena. According to biochemistry Reginald Garrett, Ph. D. and Charles Grisham, Ph. D. the first major side effect of glucose overconsumption is a sugar high (hypoglycemia), which feels a bit like a caffeine buzz, because glucose absorption occurs really fast in the body when partaking too much sugary foods. Diabetes is a very scary and progressive disease, which can result a serious social problem and an economic burden on a person who has this kind of disease. Collective efforts are needed to improve both the level of knowledge about the disease and the outcomes of patient management. Therefore, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) aiming to increase the level of knowledge about diabetes and to determine both appropriate uses of blood glucose monitoring and appropriate measures required to accurately assess the performance of this practice. The first goal of ADA is to identify critical elements of a proper clinical trial of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type2 diabetes. According to American Diabetes Association, a person who has type 2 diabetes or a non-insulin-dependent has a lot of complications because their body can’t use the insulin properly but their pancreas produces too much insulin. So, when the body can’t use enough insulin and there is too much insulin in the body, the glucose or the sugar will build up in the blood instead of going to the cells. When these things happen, the cell of the body can’t function properly because the cells need sugar for the energy. There are some problems found when the glucose build up to the blood and it include the following: first is damaging of the body, where the high glucose (sugar) levels in the blood damage the nerve and the small blood vessels in the eyes, kidneys, and the heart, and it can cause the hardening of a patients artery and it can lead into a sudden heart attack or maybe a stroke. Second is the malfunction of the kidney when the high amount of glucose in the blood of a patient, and it can cause a frequent urination which a large amount of water will be lost in the body, this can cause of dehydration. Third is when a person can’t change the fluid that they lost or the person is not able to intake some fluids when they are very dehydrated, the patient becomes very sick and lead into diabetic come which is a life threatening complications. There some cases that the symptoms are very mild and can’t be detected, in these cases the patients usually want to drink more liquid and they feel very thirsty, the patients feel exhausted at all time, they always feel nausea with the unclear vision, their skin is usually dry and flaky, when they get wounds it is very slow to get healed, and can’t feel anything on their hands and feet because of losing sensation. From all these symptoms, only doctors can diagnose weather you are a hypoglycemic or hypoglycemic by conducting some test or measuring the glucose in the blood after instructing the patient not to eat for eight hours before the testing. This test is called glucose tolerance. There were an experimental studies and observational studies that too much intake of sugar in the body is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, and too much sugar intake is associated with the development of obesity. Although there’s no established RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for sugar, because as far as it’s known, sugar is not really needed for nutrition, compare to salt that has restrictions in taking it. All foods have some natural sugars, but sugar itself, the white or brown but the stuff in the cookies, is a purely optional taste sensation. The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) recommends that sugar make up no more than 8% of the daily intake of calories, but most. American adults take in twice that much. If you still consume sugar, it should be 12 teaspoons added sugar for a 2000 calorie per day diet, that is, no more than 40 grams per day for a 2000 calorie diet. Remember that the daily limit of 40 grams refers to refined and processed sugars only. There seems to be no limit on natural sugars. In these studies using the models called econometric of cross-sectional data on diabetes which is repeated and there are 175 countries participate for the nutritional components of food, these studies found that one can of soda is 150 kcal per person per day and it is increasing the availability of sugar and there is a relation with increasing of diabetes cases. When they’re done with this testing and tried to control for other food types like; some meat, some fruits, some oils, and some cereals, monitoring the total calories intake, the overweight person and some obesity cases, some period effects, and some social economic like their income, their crowded places and a very low income. There was no other food typed that was yielding, important individual association with the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time after they were controlling the case for obesity. According to this study, the sugar on diabetes was the biggest impact and it was not dependent of tending to sit about without taking much exercise and the usage of alcohol, there was an effect which is modified but it’s not that clear for obesity or for the diabetes. After all these reviews, the high sugar intake and the proportion of a population found to have diabetes, and the bearing of high sugar intake on overweight are being discussed. The evidence is not accurate for the proportion of a population found to have diabetes was because of high sugar intake, but it doesn’t mean that taking too much sugar in the body is not important. Since the population of obesity in the world, and the case of diabetes is growing rapidly, there should be restrictions of sugar in the diet, and it is very important like the other restrictions of diet. In conclusion the requirement of screening is the screener need to show them that they like the benefit of screening. It didn’t show that there is a clear benefit from the screening of the hyperglycemia or they called it glucose intolerance, mostly was women who are pregnant, and pregnant women who are at risk of caesarean section, and the disadvantage which is the acquired of the status of this disease. That screening was being argued on how to identify somebody who is at risk of succeeding non-insulin-dependent (type 2 diabetes) or a patient who is suspected to have that disease and undiagnosed is a good thing. How to cite The Effects of High Glucose Intake, Essay examples

Indigenous Statistics Quantitative Research†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Statistics for Quantitative Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction: Social media represents a modern tool for marketers that have provided a complete new dimension to the business activities. Increasing reach of internet facilities in the world has also enhanced the popularity level of social media largely (Aral, Dellarocas Godes, 2013). In fact, social media has become an integral part of modern day life where people remains connected with rest of the worlds at any point of time. For that reason, businesses have tried to use social media for reaching potential global customers in an effective way. Social media provides two-way communicational platforms for the businesses. It can help businesses to resolve any queries or problems of the customers in an instant manner. On the contrary, creating desired impact with the social media platforms requires lots of effort and time. Majority of the time new post in social replace previous posts from the timeline (Mackey Gass, 2015). Therefore, lifetime of any information post in social media is very low, whi ch is also likely to increase the effort required for creating desired amount impact on the market. The study aims to evaluate different positive and negative aspect of using social media platform on the overall performance level of the businesses. The research study will aim to analyze the exact amount of impact social media platforms can have on the overall performance level of the businesses. For assessing the advantage and disadvantage of using social media platforms in business, the study will consider following questions: How much influence can social media have on the overall performance level of the businesses? Why marketers use social media platform for creating desired impact on the target market? Is it necessary to use social media platforms for accomplishing all the business goals and objectives? What is the recommended way to use social media platform for providing businesses the opportunity to achieve sustainable growth in the market? Justification of the questions: For assessing the kind of positive and negative impact social media can have in businesses, it is essential to examine the kind of influence social media can overall performance level of the organizations. The prime objective of utilizing social media is to reach to large number of targeted customers for fulfilling all the business objectives (Erdo?mu? Cicek, 2012). Therefore, assessing the revenue level of businesses before and after the use of social media will allow having a clear idea. For that reason, the prime question of the research study focuses on evaluating the amount influence social media can have on the overall performance level of the businesses. Secondly, the study will look identify the exact factors that induces marketers to use social media platforms for fulfilling all the business objectives in an effective way. Identification of factors will also help the study to assess the necessity level of using social media for enhancing the sales volume largely. Proper assessment of all the factors is important to direct social media activities towards the fulfillment of business goals and objectives (Walter Andersen, 2013). As a result, it will help the study to recommend best possible way to use social media tools for maximizing the impact on the market. Research methodology: Research methodology reflects the process that allows research studies aim to achieve all the goals and objectives comprehensively. Research methodology provides a systematic guideline for the studies that showcase the best possible way to achieve desired outcome (MacDonald, 2012). It includes different factors like research approach, research philosophy and research design that studies need to utilize for capturing required information about the topic. In order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using social media at businesses, the study will look to utilize all these factors associated with the research methodology process in an effective manner. Choice of research philosophy is extremely important to cover all aspect of the research topic. It deals with the nature, source and development of the knowledge about the research topic. Positivism, realism and interpretivism are the three prime parts of the research philosophy that studies can use for fulfilling all the objectives comprehensively (Miller et al., 2012). For assessing the kind of influence social media platforms can have on the businesses, the study will use positivism research philosophy. The study will use positivism research philosophy for gathering factual knowledge about the research topic. It will also help the study to include different logical argument regarding the kind of impact utilization of social media networks can have on the business procedure. On the contrary, realism and interpretivism research philosophy will not be considered, as it will increase the time required for completing the study significantly. Research approach has two prime categories including inductive and deductive research approach (Smith, 2015). The study needs to focus on identifying the availability of data about the research topic at the time of selecting research approach. Now, many studies have been conducted on the kind of impact social media can have on the business processes. Therefore, the study will get enough relevant information about the research topic. For that reason, it will select deductive approach for highlighting the positive and negative aspect of using social media networks in businesses. Selection of deductive approach will provide the authority to analyze all the previous literature, model, article and framework related to the research topic. Hence, it will help to add value to the outcome of the study. Moreover, deductive approach will also allow the study to develop appropriate hypothesis regarding the kind of impact social media networks can have on the business procedure. On the other hand , the study will not consider inductive research approach, as it does not have to include any new concepts. It describes the way all the activities associated with the research procedure will have to be implemented for ensuring successful completion of the research study. Exploratory, explanatory and descriptive are the three prime parts of the research design that studies use for collecting required information about the topic (Flick, 2015). In this study, descriptive research design will be selected. It will allow the study to identify the prime issue related to the research topic in an effective manner. Selection of descriptive research design will also help the study to capture primary data about the research topic in an effective manner. Therefore, it will help to depict the actual impact social media networks can have on the business processes. On the contrary, the study will not consider any other research design, as it has already identified the research issue or problem comprehensively. Data collection and analysis procedure: In this study, the focus will be on primary data collection procedure, as it will help to identify the factors inducing organizations to use social media networks in the business process. Moreover, utilization of primary data collection procedure will allow the study to depict the actual impact of social media on the businesses (Silverman, 2016). Here, the study will use both quantitative and qualitative data collection technique in order to capture all information relevant to the research topic. The qualitative data collection technique will provide in-depth information and different perspectives of the respondents. On the other hand, quantitative data collection technique will help to identify trend about the outcome of the research topic. In order to collect quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of social media networking in business, the study will use two separate set of questionnaires. Open-ended questions will be included in the qualitative questionnaires while closed-ended questions will be included in the quantitative questionnaire (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). The study will select online survey procedure for collecting quantitative data and face-to-face interview process will be conducted for capturing qualitative information. Moreover, the study will use non-probability sampling technique for selecting respondents who are capable of providing in-depth information about the research study. It will select 70 executive levels of employees working in different organizations for capturing quantitative information. On the other hand, it will select 10 managers from different organization for gathering qualitative information about the research topic. In order to fulfill the aims and objectives of research topic, the study will look to assume few aspects. Firstly, the study has very limited amount of time to establish its objectives in an effective way. For that reason, it will look to use very small sample size for collecting primary data about the research topic. The study will assume that the outcome of the small sample data will able to reflect actual scenario correctly. The study will also have to be conducted with limited budget, which will also can create impact on the overall outcome of the research topic. The study will limit the data collection procedure in small geographical area, which might not reflect the actual impact social media in businesses. Expected outcomes: The above analysis is expected to cover all aspect of the research study in an effective way. It is expected that the study will able to identify the factors that induces marketers to use social media platform for enhancing the sales and revenue level in a major way. The study is also likely to assess the way organizations use social media platforms as a marketing tool for creating desired impact of the market. Therefore, it is expected that the study will able to assess the exact amount of advantages and disadvantages organizations have to face at the time of using social media platforms. References: Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Billig, S. H., Waterman, A. S. (Eds.). (2014).Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge. Erdo?mu?, ?. E., Cicek, M. (2012). The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, 1353-1360. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. MacDonald, C. (2012). Understanding participatory action research: A qualitative research methodology option.The Canadian Journal of Action Research,13(2), 34-50. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Neuman, W. L., Robson, K. (2012). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Vaioleti, T. M. (2016). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research.Waikato Journal of Education,12(1). Walter, M., Andersen, C. (2013).Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Left Coast Press.

Computer fraud and contracting

The current state of the law of economic torts. The WritePass Journal

The current state of the law of economic torts. Introduction The current state of the law of economic torts. IntroductionTo be liable for inducing breach of contract:Liability for causing loss by unlawful means requires:BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction The three appeals considered by the House of Lords under the lead name OBG Ltd. v Allan [1]were concerned with claims in tort for third party economic loss caused by intentional acts, and were heard consecutively because the legal issues overlapped. [2] The current state of the law of economic torts [3] has been described as â€Å"ramshackle†.[4] Some commentators have suggested this is because this area of the law lacks the kind of general principle applied by Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson [5]which successfully unified the law of negligence. [6] Others believe that such generalisation is neither possible nor desirable [7], and that there is no ‘genus’ tort that provides a base for all the economic torts. [8] The grounds for action presented in these three cases were: [9] (1) interference by unlawful means with contractual relations; [10] (2) interference by unlawful means with contractual or business relations; [11] (3) wrongfully inducing breach of contract. [12], [13] The issue which the Lords took this opportunity to address was whether three such separate heads of tort exist or whether they might be rationalised within a ‘unified theory’. Most publicity surrounding thecase centred on the celebrity wedding and much of the expectation in the legal journals was focussed on right to privacy issues. [14] In the event the House effectively erased all of twentieth century caselaw from the three party economic torts. The key dicta were: (1) inducing breach of contract should continue to be considered a distinct category of tort and not be subsumed within the general category of unlawful interference with business, [15] and; (2) unlawful interference with contractual relations should not be a separate head of tort but should be considered under the conditions of liability for unlawful interference with business.[16]   To understand the significance of this decision we must review the history of the economic torts to discover how we got into â€Å"our present pickle?† [17] Economic losses are a difficult area of law in a free market since one business may suffer losses, or even be put out of business, by the lawful competition of a rival. The courts have no role to play in this normally, and economic orthodoxy considers there are consequent gains for consumers, producers and workers.[18]   Historically in English common law unlawful interference in trade was actionable.   Lord Hoffman [19] cites  Ã‚   Garret v Taylor   [20]where a business was harmed because the defendant â€Å"imposed so many and so great threats upon all comers threatening to mayhem†, and Tarleton v M’Gawley [21], where the tort lay in â€Å"firing a cannon at negroes and thereby preventing them from trading with the plaintiff.† [22]   Thankfully, by the turn of the century, in Carrington v Taylor, [23]   it was only ducks that were being shot at in a dispute over wildfowling rights: where a violentact is done to a mans livelihood ; there an action lies in all cases. [24] Such cases are straightforward because, the defendant’s liability is primary. The respective acts of threatening mayhem and discharging ordnance at potential customers are clearly in themselves unlawful. But the law of torts has inevitably grown and been modified over the centuries, in response to changing conditions within society, [25] and as the ingenuity of the industrialists and entrepreneurs of Victoria’s Empire developed more subtle ways of influencing the customers. The courts’ attitude to the nineteenth century free-market was crystallised in Mogul Steamship Co Ltd v McGregor, Gow Co   [26], which established the boundaries of lawful competition as whatever is â€Å"neither forcible nor fraudulent.† [27] A number of ship owners had entered into a league and had applied â€Å"sharp practices and power plays† [28]   in seeking to control the tea trade from certain Chinese ports, but nothing that was actually unlawful: To say that a man is to trade freely, but that he is to stop short at any act which is calculated to harm other tradesmenwould be a strange and impossible council of perfection. [29] The authority for all inducing breach of contract cases is Lumley v Gye. [30]  Two rival theatre owners were vying for the services of the opera diva Johanna Wagner, neice of the famous composer. Lumley   had contracted Wagner to sing twice a week at Her Majesty’s Theatre for a payment of  £100 per week.[31]   Wagner subsequently agreed with Gye that she would sing at Covent Garden for a â€Å"larger sum.† [32]   Lumley raised an action against Gye for â€Å"maliciously procuring† a breach of contract. [33] The case which completed the triangular foundation on which twentieth century economic tort law was to be constructed was Allen v Flood. [34]   In essence this case simply extended the principle of Mogul Steamship Co. to labour disputes. In the same way that rival businesses are free to cause harm to one another in lawful pursuit of their own interests, so too is an employee free to cause economic harm to a rival employee (by getting him laid off) as long as no unlawful means are employed.[35] Such an analysis seems perfectly reasonable with a century of hindsight but the social mood of the time was perhaps less comfortable with it. [36]   The Lords specifically rejected the proposition that liability might arise whenever one person did damage to another wilfully and intentionally without just cause and excuse. [37] Since Allen liability has turned on intentional procurement of an actionable wrong or the deliberate use, or threatened use, of illegal means directed against the claimant. [38] In respect of the House of Lord’s judgement in OBG,   the law could have stopped here, but over the next century several false trails were followed. The seeds of confusion, [39] were sown by Quinn v Leathem. [40]  This case involved â€Å"boycotting by trade unions in one of its most objectionable forms,† [41] but as ever it wasn’t the details of fact that caused confusion but the details in the dicta. Two key passages were identified by Lord Hoffman, purporting to re-state the basis of Lumley v Gye: (1) â€Å"it is a violation of legal right to interfere with contractual relations recognised by law† [42] and; (2) â€Å"The principle which underlies the decision reaches all wrongful acts done intentionally to damage a particular individual.† [43] The problem with these respective passages is: (1) Lumley wasn’t founded on merely interfering with a contract but on inducing an actual breach of a contract and; (2) inducing a breach of contract isn’t of itself a wrongful act but only attracts secondary liability once there’s been a breach. In Sorrell v Smith [44]Lord Dunedin was prompted to invoke the prayer of Ajax in an attempt to clear the â€Å"fog of battle† from this area of law,   but a ‘penumbra of doubt’ [45] nonetheless continued to hang over cases where there was interference with contractual performance but no actual breach of contractual obligations.   â€Å"The muddle set in† [46], when DC Thomson Co Ltd v Deakin [47]consolidated the unified theory that considered inducing breach of contract to be a species of the more general tort of unlawful interference with contractual rights. [48] Throughout the twentieth century as the law worked to connect the various islands of the â€Å"archipelago† that was the common law of economic torts [49] with stepping stones of caselaw, it was invariably in the trade union disputes that the lords ran the greatest risk of getting their feet wet. In Torquay Hotel Co Ltd v Cousins   [50]   L.Denning declared: The time has come when the principle should be further extended to cover deliberate and direct interference with the execution of a contract without that causing any breach. [51] The creation of this tort of interference with contract has been much criticised and has not been supported by later authority. [52] Rather judges have stressed â€Å"the limits which as a matter of policy the court must place on the principle of Lumley v Gye†. [53]   For Lord Hoffman all this confusion has arisen from attempts to apply the unified theory [54] and he thinks â€Å"it is time for the unnatural union between the Lumley v Gye tort and the tort of causing loss by unlawful means to be dissolved.† [55] He believes commentators like Tony Weir seek to confer too broad an ambit on the tort of causing loss by unlawful means, [56] and sides with those who are critical of Weir’s â€Å"Herculean† ambition to unify the economic torts, believing that â€Å"clarity is not in itself sufficient reason for accepting a particular factor as a determinant of tort liability.† [57]   Weir himself sees the â€Å"illegitimate tort of interference with contract† [58] as the problem, and the confusion as arising from interpretations of Lumley that focus on the plaintiff’s rights rather than the defendant’s wrong. [59] This has got the law into the   position where we see â€Å"honest demonstrators enjoined from putting their views to the supermarketing public†, [60] and â€Å"a singer sued for not singing by those for whom she never agreed to sing.† [61], [62] Some commentators have even suggested a possible analysis of Lumley in terms of †Å"ownership or possession† and â€Å"rights in rem.†[63]Certainly some early Scottish cases based on the delict of   harbouring of employees have more of a feel of invasion of res corporales [64] than anything to do with contract. [65] However almost everyone had long identified a pressing need for an authoritative definition of the tort of unlawful interference with trade. [66] The House of Lords therefore took this belated opportunityto answer Ajax’s prayer and we can now say that following their decision in OBG the law is as follows: To be liable for inducing breach of contract: (1)  Ã‚   you must know you are inducing a breach and that the act you are procuring will have this effect, it is not sufficient that the breach was merely a foreseeable consequence of your action. (2)  Ã‚   you must have knowledge not just of the existence of the contract but of the essential terms relevant to the breach. (3)  Ã‚   the claimant must have been intentionally targeted, whether the breach was an end in itself or the means to some further end. (4)  Ã‚   there must have been an actual breach: â€Å"no secondary liability without primary liability.† Liability for causing loss by unlawful means requires: (1)  Ã‚   wrongful interference with the actions of a third party in which the Claimant has an economic interest. (2)  Ã‚   intention thereby to cause loss to the Claimant whether or not the loss was an end in itself or the means to an end. (3)  Ã‚   wrongful interference would be any act actionable by that third party or which would have been actionable had he sufferd loss by it, and would exclude acts which may be unlawful against a third party but which do not affect his freedom to deal with the Claimant. Many of the journal articles about this decision focus on the confidence and privacy issues, [70] but reaction to this clarification of the economic torts seem mainly positive, with expectation that there should be fewer cases where claimants cherry-pick the most favourable features of each tort and ignore the requisite limiting features. [71] BIBLIOGRAPHY Bagshaw, R. Can the Economic Torts be Unified (1998) 18 OJLS 729 Caddick, A. The Wedding Crashers – Take 6 157 NLJ 8 Carty, H. Intentional Violation of Economic Interests: The Limits of Common Law (1998)   (104)LQR Dugdale, A.M. Jones, M.A. (editors) Clerk Lindsell On Torts, 19th edition, London, Sweet Maxwell, 2006 Financial Times (2nd August 1982) Harvie, C. Revolution and the Rule of Law in Morgan, K.O. ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Britian, Oxford University Press, 1988 Heuston, R. Juridicial Prosopography (1986) 102   LQR   90 House of Commons Research Library, HCRL 99/20 Kolbert, C.F. (translator), Justinian The Digest of Roman Law: Theft, Rapine, Damage and Insult, Penguin, 1979 Lynch, M. Scotland A New History, Pimlico, 2006 McIntyre, E. Wisely, I. Public and Confidential 2007 52(6) JLSS   18 McLaren, J. Nuisance Law and the Industrial Revolution (1983) 3 OJLS 155 Michalos, C. Douglas v Hello! – The Final Frontier 2007 18(7) Ent LR   241 Mitchell, G. Economic Tort (2007) 157 NLJ 919 Muirhead, J.S. An Outline of Roman Law, William Hodge Co. Ltd., 1937 O’Dair, R. Justifying An Interference With Contractual Rights   (1991)11 OJLS 246 Oliphant, K. 62 MLR 320 at 322 (review of Weir, T. Economic Torts) Reid, K. Zimmermann, R. A History of Private Law in Scotland Vol. II Obligations, Oxford University Press, 2000 Stewart, W.J. Reparation: Liability for Delict Thomson/W.Green 2003 to date (loose-leaf) Stilitz, D. Sales, P. Intentional Infliction of Harm By Unlawful Means LQR 1999 411 Thomson, J. Delictual Liability, LexisNexis UK, 3rd edition, 2004 Walker, D.M. The Law of Delict in Scotland Vol II, W.Green, 1966 [Note 2nd revised edition   1981] Watts, P. Self-Appointed Agents – Liability in Tort (2007) 123 (Oct)   LQR 519 Wedderburn, L. Rocking the Torts (1983) 46 MLR 224 Weir, T. A Casebook on Tort, 6th edition, London, Sweet Maxwell, 1988 Weir, T. Economic Torts, London, Clarendon Press, 1997 Zimmermann, R. The Law of Obligations, Oxford University Press, 1996 CASES Allen v Flood [1898] AC 1 Carrington v Taylor (1809) 11 East 571 [HeinOnline] Couper v Macfarlane 1879 6 R 683 D C Thomson Co Ltd v Deakin [1952] Ch 646 Dickson v Taylor 1816 1 Mur 141 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Douglas v Hello! Ltd [2003] EWHC 786 (Ch) Garret v Taylor (1620) Cro Jac 567, 2 Roll Rep 162 [HeinOnline] Lumley v Gye (1853) 2 EB 216 Lumley v Wagner 1 De GMG 604 Mainstream Properties Ltd v Young [2005] EWCA Civ 861 Middlebrook Mushrooms v TGWU [1993] IRLR 232 (CA) Millar v Bassey [1994] EMLR 44 Mogul Steamship Co Ltd v McGregor, Gow Co (1889) 23 QBD 598 Mogul Steamship Co Ltd v McGregor, Gow Co [1892] AC 25 OBG Ltd v Allan [2007] UKHL 21 Quinn v Leathem [1901] AC 495 Rose Street Foundry Engineering Co Ltd v John Lewis Sons Ltd 1917 SC 341 Sorrell v Smith [1925] AC 700 Tarleton v M’Gawley (1790) 1 Peake NPC 270 [HeinOnline] Torquay Hotel Co Ltd v Cousins [1969] 2 Ch 106 on have not been pleaded.†

Scheduling -312 Forum 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scheduling -312 Forum 3 - Assignment Example The board of professionals must also keep in touch with the classification societies of the shipping industry to keep up with the laws and rules. An advanced planning and scheduling system has now become necessary in the shipping industry. The advanced system would also ensure the quality, efficiency, teamwork, time management, safety of the crew, and machinery. Once a centralized digital system is used, most of the things will be handled (Oz, 2008). There may be many challenges faced when it is about implementing a digital software system for the maintenance and handling of the operations. The software would require skilled experts to handle and operate it for different tasks (Richard, 2009). There will be more skilled labor needed on the software to incorporate each activity such as maintenance, safety, and quality control. The data networks are complex which are usually challenging for the board of

PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMN - Essay Example In order to achieve the initial heat loss rate of the system, there was fixing of the output voltage to its maximum value and setting the reflux divider to total reflux. Once the measurement is achieved, there was changing of the reflux values to 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 with the help of reflux divider situate on the control panel and the rate of feed flow altered to a maximum value of 70 cc/min. Waiting period of 20 minutes was recommended upon the change of reflux ratios and system reaching its steady state. It was then possible to identify the time at which the system reached its steady state by checking at the temperature indicators with the help of a thermocouple selectors. To obtain the heat loss rate of the initial experiment for every reflux ratio specific values, it was recommended to obtain the feed samples and to identify the top products with respect to the namesake valves. These parameters were obtained in the cylinders used for measuring and cooling in the refrigerator finally followed to temperatures of 15-16oC. Once the required temperature was achieved, the solutions specific gravity was measured by use of a hydrometer. Matching the reading obtained followed to a closer figure of the charts specific gravity giving approximate alcohol percentage in the solution. In addition, the amount of fluid passing through a given time interval was measured to obtain top product flow rates. A constant feed rate supply is maintained by channelling the supply from a head tank and backing it up with the help of feed tank as indicated in the start-up procedure. The other pipes are used to supply the liquid from top product tank to bottom product tank and finally to feed tank. To constitute the feed, return the products collected from the top, the bottom, and any sample that had been taken for measurements back to the feed tank (McKeown and Chalfant, 2000).   The interlock of the system are used to protect condenser coils of the glass from thermal shock when water

Changes In The Roles And Responsibilities Of Nurses

Changes In The Roles And Responsibilities Of Nurses Nursing staff have seen their roles and responsibilities change considerably within the modernisation of the NHS, but is this a good thing? There are some big changes in the nursing field in the last 50 years such as, uniform, salaries, job demand, the roles of nurses, the different roles for men and women nurses, the technology used, Litigation and Documentation, Holistic Care and patient load. Nurses are becoming more popular and demanding in all sorts of different working environments such as, working in nursing homes, hospitals, home help, travel nurse, school nurse and more. Years ago, nurses were seen just as little more than helpers or assistants for doctors. Today in 2010, nurses are health care professionals in their own right. They are bright, capable, and often have a clearer picture of the overall situation than the doctors they work alongside with. Nursing has not only changed on the face of it but the background work of a nurse has changed to, for example the education given to nurses, the scope of policies and practice, the structures of nurses and the principles of the care of the patient. People are lead to believe that the modernisation of the NHS will be beneficial to the care of the patient, but is this really the case? Due to the increasingly shortage of nurses, they have learned to be more independent which is an outstanding way to increase skills and keep up to date with the new trends in health care. As well as nursing changing, health care in general has changed too. Within the modernisation of the NHS and nursing the care of the patients is still the everlasting goal. This means that there is more work for the nurses, which then has a knock on affect leading to less satisfaction of patient care. Although the NHS and government are doing their best to modernize nursing with the patients interests are heart, it seems like there is less time for care due to time, but more time for paperwork. The Department of Health has laid down certain policy initiatives, targets and structural and organizational changes that can improve the quality of care received by patients through the NHS. These changes are emphasized along with the need for multi-agency and multi-organizational collaborative working acros s disciplinary boundaries. The four key interfaces for which collaboration and coordination measures are being suggested are health and social care; general medical and community health services; primary and secondary care; and interface with carers (DoH, 1996). The education of nurses now days are a lot more intense and harder than it was 10 years ago. Over the last 10 years, there has been a gradual shift for the education and training of nurses. Currently all nurses have to be trained to a degree university level before they can practice as a fully qualified nurse. Opportunities for nurses have increased by large, with one training opportunity being through the internet although this method of training has to be approved by the NHS. On the other hand, years ago nurses only had to have a diploma or LPNS. Now days all nurses have to attend and complete continuing education courses to keep up to date with the new trends and information used in the current day. In addition to the higher and more advanced education, which nurses now have to have, there comes an increases scope of practice. In the current worlds, nurses are doing more and going places that in the past they would not be allowed to have done. The scope of practice is an expression used for various professions that define the procedures, actions, and processes that are allowed to be used and practiced. In the health care profession, there are many different jobs with very different defined scope of practice laws and regulations. These include nursing, social workers, speech and language pathology,  audiologists,  training, radiography,  nuclear medicine, dentists, surgeons, paramedics, physicians and many more. In the interest of the patients, it is a good thing that nurses are allowed to do more and more as there are more doctors than nurses, so the patients may be seen quicker, but on the other hand, it is not a good thing as nurses are doing more and maybe caring for th e patient need and wished less. Nowadays in hospitals, the wards are not gender mixed although the nurses are gender mixed between wards. The stereotypical roles of a nurse have change a lot since the 1990s. There are more male nurses but still not enough. However although there are still not enough male nurses, the female domination of nurses is slowly decreasing and now more men are entering the caring profession. For patients the more male nurses is a good thing because some patients i.e. men prefer to be treated by a man. For example, a man may like to be washed by a man and not a woman for dignity reasons. In addition, for years, the majority of nursing was thought of as a female profession but every year more and more males are joining the nursing profession. Nowadays being a male nurse does not have a stigma attached to it and is now seen as a very good career. The demand of nurses now in 2010 is by large massive. The NHS is always asking for more nurses. When the baby boom started there was a very large need for nurses but as the baby boom is decreasing now there is time and money for improvement of standards of living and disease control, our citizens are living longer. As the general population increases, so too does the demand for nurses. Now more than ever nurses are overworked but with the increasingly shortage of nurses they have to work harder and longer hours, which again is not benefiting the patients. Because of the nursing demand and staff shortage, staffs are taking more sick days due to excessive stress and lack of sleep and self-time. This is because nursing is very demanding on a person not just mentally but physically too. This is seriously compromising the NHS. In 2010 compared to 1980, there is a lot more technology for nurses to use and to be trained to use. Nurses today have to keep up to date with a lot more technology than a nurse 50 years would have had to. Technology can be seen as a good gadget and as a bad gadget, because not only do nurses have to provide basic and skilled care, they also have to learn how to work with many types of equipment that are specific to their area of expertise. The more popular piece of technology used every day by a nurse is a computer. Nurses use them every day as a way to document the care given to a patient. Although new technology is a good advantage for health care, it has its negatives, for example training the staff to use it costs a lot of money, but on the other hand, it can save lifes. Other important technology that is used every day that benefits a patient is, air mattresses as they help to prevent DVTs and assistance with IV insertion which has made things a lot simpler. All of the new high tech equipment being simplified is for user- friendliness, which means that the new methods are speeding things up. Lastly, infection control plays a big part in the NHS every day, so new technology is being developed all the time, although the basic hand washing procedures remain very much the same. There are many different approaches to nursing care, one being the holistic care. This type of care has become more and more popular. The commutations between the Health and Allied Health services improving, a total Patient Care Model has come about. Resulting in decreased in-patient times and better health outcomes. The holistic care has been seen more popular within the complementary therapies and concepts. The patient load that a nursed has is massive. In America, there was a debate about the amount of patients under care of nurses. In 1999, the debate was won and there was a cap of the amount of patients allowed under care of one nurse. The results have been very effective from happier staff and better care for patients. There should be a cap in the UK. The changes of nursing over the last 10 years have been welcomed with open arms, but there are still teething problems and views that need to be heard. Optimal patient care is in a constant battle with budget and we can expect to see new policy reforms, new technology, and new demands created in the decade to come. It remains the responsibility of not only the nurses, but also the patients of the future, to voice their opinions in order to guide the Industry in the right direction. Nurses are now expected to come with a bigger patents load but more paper work as well. The importance of the paper work has increases over the last 10 years. This is due to the society that we now live in as it has been raised to need someone to blame for everything. As a nurse or doctor there are many emotional people around you every day as people are dying all the time. Therefore, sometimes people sue the nurses and doctors as they are upset and think the person died due to the NHSs fault. Following this, nurses and doctors keep finding themselves in court. Even if they have not done anything, all allegations have to be investigated. This is the reason for paperwork there is to write up. Paperwork is the only solid setting stone and proof/ backup of a nurses care. A nurse is required to document every blood pressure reading, every medication, every incident, and every day. They have to  account  for every action, and put it all in writing. The problem with documentation is th at it takes time. More time for documentation means less time for patients. Plain and simple. The polices that nurses have to follow are very similar across the whole world. In Australia, the no-lift policy was introduced in the late 1990s. To date the policy is still used and the nurses are trained using this policy. No-Lift means using Lifting Machines to mobilise patients, using slide sheets to manoeuvre them around the bed and promoting back care in general. Although this concept is yet to be adopted in the UK, the benefits are becoming obvious and discussions have begun on the implementation of a similar policy in the UK. There are many different types of nurses that work in the community and in the hospitals. These can range from, Adult nurses, mental health nurses, Childrens nurses, Learning disability nurses, District nurses, Neonatal nursing, Health visitors, Practice nurses, Prison nurses, School nurses and Healthcare assistants. There are also many different levels to being a nurse. A health care assistant is under a nurse, and then you have staff nurses, then sisters and ward sisters and then nurse manager/ matron. All in all these all make up our NHS and work as a team to provide the best possible care for the patient. There is a large scale of pay, which starts at around  £13,000 to  £67,000. The above table shows how the NHS works. The last 40 years nurses uniform has changed but not that much. In the 1960s nurses still wore dresses and stocking .In the 1970†²s more changes came to the way nurses dressed. Dresses were a little shorter and the white caps were beginning to lose importance in some hospitals across the country. In the 1980†²s there was an end of the nursing caps altogether. Nurses also began wearing disposable aprons at this point rather than cloth aprons and medical facilities became much less militant in regards to restrictions on jewellery and cosmetics. During the 1990†²s and today, nursing dresses have been replaced with much more user-friendly scrub suits. Scrub suits can be found in a wide variety of colours and styles. Some hospitals have specific scrub suit colours for different types of hospital staff and others allow nurses and other staff to choose colours and styles that appeal to them. Todays nursing uniforms are designed more for function than form but are also conside red much more comfortable than those worn throughout history are. There are many different theories towards nursing. The three main ones are needs based theories. The main point being that the focus of nursing is the assessment and care of the patients / clients needs, which they are unable to meet for themselves. The second theory is interactions theories. The main point of this being the focus of nursing is the relationship between the nurse and the patient / client. Lastly, the other theory is the goal-based theories. The main point again being that the focus of nursing is the outcome and emphasis is placed on facilitating the ability of the patient / client to adapt to changes in their health and regain stability and harmony. Today in the NHS nursing takes on a role of the biomedical model. The biomedical model has been around since the mid- nineteenth century as the most common model used to diagnose diseases. The biomedical model states that All illness and symptoms arise from underlying abnormality in the body, all diseases give rise to symptoms and that health is absence of disease. The model overlooks the fact that the diagnosis is a result of commutation between doctor and patient. Biomedical model has no doubt led to huge medical advances although the patient has little responsibility for presence /cause of illness. In conclusion, the changes in roles and responsibilities of nurses in the modernisation of the NHS can beneficial towards the patients but can also be damaging towards the patients. This is due to lack of staff and increased working hours, more paperwork, and more tasks that a nurse has to do and there are generally more patients now than 10 years ago. Therefore, a nurse has less time caring for the patients needs. On the other hand, the modernisation is seen as a good thing because there is more technology nowadays to make the nurses life easier, which also get a more persist result. Within the context of policies and procedures there are no many more rules than year ago, which does make a nurses life maybe easier but maybe harder. With all of these changes to nurses and the NHS in general, is the modernization is good thing, does it have the patients interests are heart or is it about saving money?

Exam Malpractice

Abstract Show/Hide This study considers the remote causes of examination malpractice in the Nigerian education system with a view to suggest new ways of combating the problem. Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Using the multistage stratified sampling technique, 200 students were selected for the study from 20 secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State. An Examination Malpractice Questionnaire (EMQUE) was used for data collection. The three research hypotheses were tested statistically using the Chi square statistical technique.The results indicate that poor study habits, paucity of educational facilities, and inability of schools to cover prescribed syllabuses are significant remote causes of examination malpractice in the country. Based on these findings, methods of tackling the menace are proffered and counselling implications are suggested. Introduction The issue of examination malpractice is a national emergency situation. Before the advent of western type e ducation, traditional Nigerian education was based mainly on experience and practice.Its mode of instruction was simple as knowledge was passed on orally and through practical tests. Students then only had to commit to memory, learn by rote, or through observation (Ibia, 2006). Because traditional Nigerian education placed little or no emphasis on certification, students had the proper view of education, seeing it as a means to an end not an end in itself. Besides, the Nigerian culture then frowned at dishonesty and would not hesitate to sanction offenders (Agogo, 2006).According to Ejiogu (2001), general moral decadence and the high premium placed on achievement and certificates by Nigerians has in recent times spawned examination fraud. The general overdependence on educational certificates as a measure of one’s knowledge and competence has led to a mad rush by most people for educational certificates (Sofola, 2004). In a bid to acquire such certificates, many have resorted to unethical means—foremost among which are examination malpractices—just to acquire the certificates at all cost.Without doubt, the persistent occurrence of examination malpractice in Nigeria has spawned heinous problems such as: 1. Lack of credibility of academic certificates acquired in Nigeria by the international community. 2. Declining standard of education in the country. Onyechere (2004) asserted that unless we are able to stop examination malpractice, the standard of education in Nigeria will continue to fall. 3. The problem of turning out into the society half-baked—if not unbaked—graduates who are virtually good for nothing and functional illiterates. 4.Inability to secure competitive and challenging jobs which require practical test of proficiency and skills. 5. The existing correlation between examination malpractice and corruption in public offices. As noted by Thomas Derry of the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and quoted in the E xaminations Ethics Project (EEP) survey (2004) report, students who steal their ways to higher offices through examination malpractice would not find it difficult to engage in corrupt practices when they are employed. 6. Finally, examination malpractice has economic implications.According to EEP (2003) report, Nigeria loses more than one billion naira annually to examination malpractice. Thus examination malpractice could equally be seen as an economic crime. Mention-worthy at this juncture is the fact that Nigerians have not been sleeping since the wake of this mischief in the mid 1970s. It is on recorded history that the first serious case of examination malpractice in independent Nigeria was the leakage in 1977 of the West African Examination Council (WAEC) question paper for the West African School Examination (Onyechere, 1996).The outcry by WAEC in the wake of this incidence led to the setting up of a tribunal by the Federal government of Nigeria to investigate the mass leakage and to suggest possible measure to forestall future occurrence. The tribunal recommended severe punitive measures. The federal government followed this up by promulgating Degree No. 20 of 1984 and later, Degree No. 33 of 1999 in which severe punishments against perpetrators of examination malpractice were clearly enshrined.Further measures which have been taken in recent times to eradicate examination malpractice include that taken by the Obasanjo Administration which embedded in the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) policy document a target of 40% reduction in examination malpractice annually; the existing legislation on examination malpractice, Degree No. 33 of the 1999 Constitution which is still in force—though not enforced; and the move by the Federal Ministry of Education to introduce the study of ethics in the school curricula with a view to forestalling examination malpractice.It is a truism that even though much has been done, it is eith er grossly inadequate or ineffectual at curbing the menace as we day-in-day-out see examination malpractices take newer, dynamic and appealing forms especially with the advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) coupled with the general falling standards of societal norms. It is also true that examination malpractice would not have attained its present endemic state but for the fact that the major stake holders in education are at the forefront aiding and abetting the crime.Orhungur (2003) decried the general opinion which tends to indict the students and exonerate the teachers and other examination agents. Quoting a tentative report by Usman, he maintained that if the staff, that is, all who have to do with examinations—examiners, typists, custodians, staff of examination bodies, printers, transporters, and security agents—put their house in order, students would not have access to examination materials before examinations. Umar (2003) indicted head m asters and principals as the biggest perpetrators of examination malpractice in the country.He asserted that headmasters in connivance with their teachers initiate primary school pupils into examination malpractice during common entrance examinations by giving answers to the students so that they would record high number of passes in their schools. In the case of secondary school principals, Umar (2003) stated emphatically that they are the worst perpetrators of the crime as they, in a bid to have the names of their schools praised and recognized, manipulate and aid the crime.In the same vein, Ike (2004) of the EEP held that principals have gone to the extent of building into the National Examinations Council (NECO) and the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) registration fees, an examination malpractice fee variously referred to as cooperation fees, understanding fees, examination welfare fees, and miscellaneous fees with the sole aim of bribing supervisors and invigilators an d whoever sent them so that they might ‘cooperate’ during examinations.Another group of master-minders who have rather taken centre stage in recent times are operators of private study centres also known as extramural classes. These study centres are veritable fronts for examination fraud operated by organized syndicate who charge outrageously high fees for examinations. Funnily enough, students are, more often than not, willing to pay because in the end it pays off very well (Thisday, 2004). The last group which is also a strong force behind the perpetration of examination malpractice is the parents. Many parents would not want their children to repeat any class no matter their level of performance.Thus, they pressure school authorities to give their children automatic promotion even when they fail their examinations. Parents are also in the forefront of hiring mercenaries to write examinations for their wards. They thus collude with principals to issue fake but favour able examination results to their children. Looking beyond the contribution of education stakeholders to examination crimes, other important causes of examination malpractice revolve around the students and their attitude towards their studies as influenced by the general socio-economic situation in the country.In recent times, students prepare—if at all they do—lackadaisically for examinations. The reason for this lacklustre attitude as opined by Thomas Derry of WAEC is that the youths have prioritized entertainment and pleasure at the expense of their books (myspacefm. com, 2004). Furthermore, Anger (2004) pointed out that the high fees associated with especially the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) makes malpractice unavoidable as poor students cannot afford to repeat a given examination and would in the first instance do anything to pass it at all cost.A comprehensive submission by Anyiin (1998) identified the fundamental causes of examination malpracti ce to include: 1. Lack of necessary facilities for teaching/learning 2. Non-coverage of prescribed syllabuses due to their extensiveness and the general nonchalant attitude of teachers towards teaching. 3. Industrial actions by teachers. 4. Mass promotion of students in internal examinations. 5. The general misconception of good performance by some principals and the society as a means of enhancing the status of societal rating of the principals and their schools. . Faulty or lack of proper administration of examinations. 7. Imposition of school subjects on candidates by parents. 8. Poverty and greed on the part of the teachers who constitute the bulk of invigilators and examiners. 9. Constant increase in examination fees, among others. Statement of the Problem In the fight against examination malpractice, it appears that no one is exonerated. As exposed in the preceding section, education stakeholders, the students, as well as the national economy could rightly be apportioned blame s for the preponderance of this menace.In sum, these variables tend to operate interdependently such that there is a cumulative influence, with one variable buttressing the others. This could be seen in the fact that the poor economic situation in the country has compelled most poor parents to resort to unethical means in order that their wards may pass their examinations at one sitting. Therefore, this research investigates remote causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria with a view to proffering effective methods for curbing the menace.

Intramuscular Injection Essay

The clinical skill I have chosen to reflect on is the administration of Intramuscular (IM) injections. I will use a reflective model to guide me in my reflection. The Gibbs reflection cycle features, description, feelings, evaluation, description, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). The first stage of Gibbs (1988) is description of events. On my clinical placement I had the opportunity to administer a drug to a patient via IM injection under the supervision of my mentor. I had already observed this skill on various occasions and previously had the opportunity to administer IM injections in previous placements. My mentor was talking me through the process as this was the first time I have performed the skill with her supervision. When the mentor got to the step of using an alcohol wipe to cleanse the area of the injection site the patient said he did not usually get that done. He continued to say that an alcohol wipe had been used once before and had caused him an unpleasant stinging sensation and he would rather it was not used. The previous times I had administered IM injections, I had cleansed the site with alcohol wipe, and therefore I asked my mentor for some guidance in this situation. My mentor confirmed that it was acceptable to administer the injection without using the alcohol wipe and I continued with the injection. Feelings are the next stage of Gibbs (1988) cycle. My thoughts and feelings about this situation was that I felt a little nervous as I was under the supervision of my mentor for the first time doing this skill. However as I had already had the opportunity to administer IM injections before, I felt I was competent to carry out that skill. When the patient had said he did not usually have the alcohol wipe used, I began to doubt my practice. I knew I had previously used this in my practice, but began to question myself if it was correct. As the patient continued to say he had previously had an unpleasant stinging sensation when the alcohol wipe had been used I began to think that the person who had administered that injection did not allow skin to dry properly before administering the injection. If the skin is not dry the cleaning is ineffective and the antiseptic may cause the irritation by being injected into the tissue (Downie et al. 2000). The patient requested that the alcohol wipe not be used on this occasion and this left me feeling confused. I knew he has the right to patient autonomy and without his consent I could not carry out this procedure. As a nurse you are accountable for gaining consent and maintaining the patients right to be autonomous . Hawley (2007) states that autonomy means a persons right to make their own decisions in life, as long as they do not harm anyone else. I was unsure of the risks of not using the alcohol wipe and had to seek guidance from my mentor. Evaluating this situation made me realise that questioning your own practice is a good way of keeping up to date with evidenced based practice. The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing procedures (Dougherty & Lister 2004) advocate the use of skin cleansing wipes, it is however stated within their guidelines that they adopt this for patients who are immunosuppressed, and also give evidence of previous studies which indicate that skin cleansing is not normally necessary. Research by Workman (1999) suggests that the use of skin cleansing wipes is inconsistent and not necessary in IM injections if the patient appears to be physically clean and the nurse has adopted an aseptic technique as well as stringent hand hygiene. The fourth stage of Gibbs cycle (1988) has made me become more aware of different practices concerning the use of alcohol wipes in skin cleansing. I understand that both practices have been researched, and as I develop professionally I will not cleanse the skin in future unless the local policy states to do so or the patient requests me to. The evidence in this area is not clear therefore I will use any literature which is available to allow me to justify my actions, and deliver safe evidence based care. In conclusion, I have learned that not all nurses use evidence in the same way and may use different methods. I understand that as long as my practice is safe and evidence based then I can practice safely. My action plan would be to continue to keep updated with any new research and evidence of using alcohol wipes in the administration of IM injections. This will help me to keep my practice safe and up to date.

Individual Education Plans (IEP)